Table of Contents
Stable稳定版、Final最终版、alpha内部测试版、Beta公开测试版 等版本
Alpha(alpha内部测试版)
The software is complete enough for internal testing. This is typically done by people other than the software engineers who wrote it, but still within the same organization or community that developed the software.
Beta(Beta公开测试版)
The software is complete enough for external testing – that is, by groups outside the organization or community that developed the software. Beta software is usually feature complete, but may have known limitations or bugs. Betas are either closed (private) and limited to a specific set of users, or they can be open to the general public.
CTP (Community Technology Preview):
Very much like "Show and Tell". Features are present to varying degrees and customer can get an idea of where the release is going.With the ASP.NET MVC project, we no longer use the term CTP and simply use the term “Preview”.
RC (Release Candidate):
Product believes it's ready to ship. One last chance for customers to provide feedback and find major blocking issues
RTM (Release to Manufacturing):
Product is complete and ready to be shipped to customers
Alpha: The software is complete enough for internal testing. This is typically done by people other than the software engineers who wrote it, but still within the same organization or community that developed the software.
Beta: The software is complete enough for external testing – that is, by groups outside the organization or community that developed the software. Beta software is usually feature complete, but may have known limitations or bugs. Betas are either closed (private) and limited to a specific set of users, or they can be open to the general public.
CTP (Community Technology Preview): It’s generally an incomplete preview of a new technology in progress. These usually come out before beta and are a way to gather feedback from the community during the development of a product.
Daily Builds/Interim Releases: A daily build is really for those who like to play with fire, as they usually are not tested, and could represent work in progress that is not even working at all.
Fully Supported Out-of-Band (OOB) Releases: A release that is not part of the product (i.e. it’s not included in an installation package), but is fully supported as if it were.
RTM (Released to Manufacturing) / RTW (Released to Web) Releases: The software is finished – and by finished, we mean there are no show-stopping, little-children-killing bugs in it. That we know of. There are probably numerous lower-prority bugs triaged into the next point release or service pack, as well.
Service Pack Releases: A Service Pack (or SP) is simply an RTM (or RTW) release of fixes and/or improvements to some software. It used to be that SPs rarely included new features, but it seems to be the norm now that they do. Service Packs tend to include all the hotfixes and patches released since the product originally was released, which is convenient for the end user in not having to install every fix individually.Beta
Let’s start with Beta. A great starting point is this post by Jeff Atwood entitled Alpha, Beta, and Sometimes Gamma.
The software is complete enough for external testing – that is, by groups outside the organization or community that developed the software. Beta software is usually feature complete, but may have known limitations or bugs. Betas are either closed (private) and limited to a specific set of users, or they can be open to the general public.
With the ASP.NET MVC project, all features we plan to implement for RTM should be complete for our Beta. However, the Beta period can influence this and if it seems extremely important, we may take on small DCRs (Design Change Requests).
CTP
CTP stands for Community Technology Preview. It’s generally an incomplete preview of a new technology in progress. These usually come out before beta and are a way to gather feedback from the community during the development of a product. This is similar to an Alpha release per Jeff’s hierarchy, except that at Microsoft, we generally do put CTPs in a public location.
With the ASP.NET MVC project, we no longer use the term CTP and simply use the term “Preview”. I think this is due to running out of our TLA (Three Letter Acronym) budget for the year. Our previews do still undergo a QA test pass and are released to the ASP.NET website.
Daily Builds / Interim Releases
The commenter didn’t ask about this, but I thought I would mention it. In many open source projects, you can get a daily build of the software directly from their source code repository. For example, with Subtext, if you want to grab the most recent build, you can go to our builds archive. A daily build is really for those who like to play with fire, as they usually are not tested, and could represent work in progress that is not even working at all.
The closest thing the ASP.NET MVC team has to this is with our periodic “Interim releas”, a term we just made up, that is pushed out to CodePlex and not placed on the ASP.NET website, because of the more mainstream nature of that site.
As much as these CodePlex releases are for the cutting edge audience, being Microsoft, we can’t simply put daily builds out there and say you’re on your own. At least not yet. So these CodePlex builds are sanity checked by our QA team and by me, but they do not go under a full test pass like our Preview releases do. This is an area of experimentation for the ASP.NET team and so far, is proving successful.
Fully Supported Out-of-Band release
Internally, we usually call these OOB releases (pronounced “oob” like it’s spelled).
A Fully Supported Out-of-Band release is a release that is not part of the Framework (i.e. it’s not included in an installation of the .NET Framework), but is fully supported as if it were. For example, you can call up PSS (Microsoft’s Tech Support) for support on a fully supported OOB release.
One example of this was “Atlas” which later became Microsoft Ajax and was rolled into ASP.NET 3.5. ASP.NET MVC 1.0 will be an example of an OOB release.
RTM and RTW release
RTM stands for “Released to Manufacturing” and is a throwback to the days when software was mostly released as CDs. When a project went “Gold”, it was released to manufacturing who then burned a bunch of CDs and packaged them up to be put on store shelves. True, this still goes on today believe it or not, but this mode of delivery is on the decline for certain types of software.
RTW is a related term that stands for “Released to Web” which is more descriptive of how software is actually shipped these days. For example, while we like to use the term RTM internally out of habit, ASP.NET MVC will actually be RTW.
Service Pack
A Service Pack (or SP) is simply an RTM (or RTW) release of fixes and/or improvements to some software. It used to be that SPs rarely included new features, but it seems to be the norm now that they do. Service Packs tend to include all the hotfixes and patches released since the product originally was released, which is convenient for the end user in not having to install every fix individually.
.NET MAUI
.NET MAUI RC（候选版本）
RC Release Candidate，发行候选版本，基本不再加入新的功能，主要修复bug。是最终发布成正式版的前一个版本，将bug修改完就可以发布成正式版了。
.NET MAUI GA（公开发布）
.NET MAUI Reaches General Availability, Replacing Xamarin.Forms
GA General Availability，正式发布的版本，官方开始推荐广泛使用，国外有的用GA来表示release版本。